Topological quantum computing: Majorana fermions and where to find them
If you were to use the topics in this video, what would you say is the main advantage of encoding quantum states in topological qubits from Majoranas over using regular fermions?
As we have seen, majorana operators are represented as a linear combination of creation and anihilation operators and these always come in pairs in condensed matter systems. In order to encode a qubit, two majorana bound states are needed. The fact that these two majoranas can be spatially separated, protects the system against local perturbations, providing an advantage over regular fermions.